La famiglia Leopardi: i genitori e i fratelli del famoso Poeta
Tutti noi conosciamo Giacomo Leopardi. C’è chi l’ha amato, chi lo ha odiato, ma sicuramente è uno di quei poeti che ha un posto speciale nel nostro cuore, se non fosse altro per i ricordi scolastici. Conosciamo i suoi componimenti più famosi, come L’Infinito, Alla Luna, le sue opere in prosa più significative, come Lo Zibaldone.

Mi capita, spesso, di chiedermi quando m’approccio ai poeti e scrittori, come fosse la sua famiglia, se avevano fratelli o sorelle. Il motivo è semplice: m’interessa anche la loro umanità, quella parte che rimane a volte ignorata ma le rende figure concrete, uomini e donne come noi.

Giacomo Leopardi nasce il 29 giugno del 1798 a Recanati, all’epoca appartenente allo Stato Pontificio, da Monaldo e Adelaide Antici. Fu il primo di dieci figli, di cui però arriveranno all’età adulta solo in quattro (Carlo, Paolina, Luigi e Pier Francesco). Come d’uso nelle famiglie nobili dell’epoca, i genitori erano cugini.
Monaldo era un uomo estroso, a tratti, bizzarro. Sapeva però anche essere molto meschino e rigido. Insomma, era un figlio del suo tempo. Affascinato dalle teorie sull’uomo di Rosseau, credeva, almeno nei primi di matrimonio, di essere un genio mancato alla letteratura. Quando, però, si accorse che le sue opere non avevano un grande valore letterario, si dedicò, mandando quasi in rovina, non solo per questo, le finanze famigliari, al reperimento di opere, creando così una biblioteca ( ancora oggi visitabile), dalla quale lo stesso Giacomo attinse per i suoi studi. Il padre dunque era un visionario, capace di fare affari disastrosi e di scialacquare i beni di famiglia.

La madre Adelaide, cugina di primo grado di Monaldo, era una donna molto bella con una carnagione chiara e gli occhi azzurri, molto religiosa e, come racconta lo stesso Giacomo che però aveva con lei un rapporto conflittuale, alquanto superstiziosa. In casa teneva le chiavi di tutte le stanze, comprese delle cantiche e delle dispense e questo significava che era Adelaide a gestire il patrimonio. Usciva raramente di casa, se non per recarsi a messa; infatti, aveva affidato le passeggiate dei figli, a sua sorella.
Con fratelli e la sorella Paolina, Giacomo aveva un rapporto profondo e amorevole. Carlo, il secondogenito, dopo la morte di Giacomo, avvenuta a Napoli il 14 giugno del 1837, gestì il patrimonio famigliare, riuscendo anche ad ampliarlo.

Paolina, invece, l’unica femmina ad essere arrivata all’età adulta, fu una splendida traduttrice dal francese con la stessa vena del fratello. Alla morte del padre, iniziò a viaggiare, e a conoscere per la prima volta, altre città. Si recò spesso a Firenze e a Pisa, città nella quale poi morì, forse a causa di una pleurite. Pier Francesco, invece, era l’ultimo dei nove e per tale motivo fu sempre coccolato e per cui i genitori avevano un occhio di riguardo. Anche lui si recò a Pisa, dove approfondì gli studi umanistici intrapresi a Bologna.
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