Luoghi da scoprire: il Tempio del Dio Redicolo nel Parco della Caffarella
Redire, dal latino “ritornare”.
Esisteva un Dio che proteggeva i ritorni dei romani, costretti frequentemente ad abbandonare le loro case a causa di molteplici motivi, come la guerra o il commercio. Era il Dio Redicolo. Nonostante il nome del Dio ci faccia sorridere, per i romani era uno fra i più venerati. Il Dio Redicolo era quello che proteggeva i romani costretti ad allontanarsi dalle proprie case e che dopo un periodo lungo ritornavano a casa ed è, appunto, in questo momento che i romani chiedevano la protezione del Dio.
Da Roma, molti s’incamminavano lungo la via Appia che collegava fino a Brudisium (Brindisi). All’altezza di Porta Capena potevano lanciare un ultimo sguardo al tempio dedicatogli per assicurarsi un ritorno privo di pericoli. È chiaro che il Dio proteggeva tutti i viandanti e non solo quelli della via Appia.
Ancora oggi, sono visibili i resti del Tempio nell’attuale Parco della Caffarella che si trova tra le mura aureliane, via Latina e via dell’Almone ed è attraversato dal fiume Almone, è un’area verde di circa 190 ettari.
Il Tempio del Dio Rediculo

Il tempio del Dio Redicolo ha avuto una storia a dir poco curiosa: infatti, nel corso della Storia ha cambiato nome e funzionalità. Nel Settecento, era, appunto, conosciuto come Tempio delle Camene. Le Camene erano figure mitologiche, ninfe, legate secondo la tradizione a quattro sorgenti d’acqua (Egeria, Carmenta, Antevorta, Postvorta). Erano festeggiate il quindici di ogni mese e secondo la tradizione aiutavano le vestali a prendere l’acqua per i riti sacri. Legata a questo luogo era in particolare la ninfa Egeria, la quale proprio in prossimità del tempio avrebbe avuto la sua fonte.
Cenotafio di Appia Annia Regilla
In seguito emersero altre interpretazioni, fra le più accreditate è sicuramente quella che lo attribuisce come monumento funerario di Appia Annia Regilla, una nobildonna romana. Appia Annia era moglie di Erode Attico, la quale, come altre donne dell’epoca, morì di parto, dando alla luce il suo primogenito. Facente parte dell’antica famiglia degli Annii, aveva portato al marito una ricchissima dote, essendo imparentata con la moglie dell’imperatore Antonino Pio (86–191 d. C). Se la tesi fosse confermata, si tratterebbe più propriamente di un cenotafio, ossia un monumento sepolcrale privo di resti umani: Appia Annia sarebbe morta a Maratona e quindi quello che si trova nel parco sarebbe un omaggio di Erode al ricordo della morte.

Secondo tale interpretazione, l’edificio così risalirebbe al II secolo d. C; ancora oggi, si presenta come un tempio a due piani a pianta rettangolare, ha la rilevante caratteristica di avere i quattro lati tutti diversi da loro. Nel corso del Medioevo, fu usato inoltre come fienile dai contadini che abitavano la zona.
Qualunque sia stata la sua origine, rimane oggi un monumento da vedere assolutamente, che emana un fascino a cui nessuno può sottrarsi.
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