Estate, occhio alla vipera!
La vipera, nell’immaginario collettivo rappresenta il male; basti pensare all’immagine della Madonna che schiaccia il serpente, già raffigurato nell’Eden come demonio tentatore per Adamo ed Eva, ma la verità che questo animale non agisce mai per cattiveria, ma sempre per istinto.
La vipera appartiene alla famiglia delle Viperidae, in Italia ne contiamo ben 5 specie, tutte molto pericolose per l’uomo:
- Vipera Aspis, lunga tra i 60 e 90 cm, presente dal nord a sud fatta eccezione per la Sardegna, il suo morso non è sempre letale per l’uomo, tranne che per soggetti anziani, debilitati o bambini che per effetto della massa corporea risentono maggiormente del veleno; il colore di questo serpente è beige con striature nere e lo rende difficilmente individuabile su terreni fangosi.
- Vipera Berus, lunga tra i 60 e 90 cm, un po’ più rara, presente specialmente al nord, non meno pericolosa, ha un corpo grosso e tozzo colorato da striature nere e beige a zig zag, è diurna, ma nelle zone più temperate è attiva anche nelle ore serali.
- Vipera Ursini, più piccola e più rara tra le specie, si trova in Italia su alcune zone dell’Appennino, ha un corpo marroncino crema con striature marroni a zig zag sul dorso, il suo morso è debole ed è raro che attacchi l’uomo, preferendo la fuga.
- Vipera Ammodytes, ovvero la vipera cornuta, così chiamata per il caratteristico corno frontale, ha un colore che varia dal marrone al grigio con la classica striatura nera a zig zag dorsale, è in assoluto la più pericolosa per l’uomo, è diffusa nell’Italia del nord-est.
- Vipera Walser, endemica delle Alpi Occidentali, nella zona di Biella, è stata scoperta solo nel 2016, assomiglia molto alla Berus, ma ad un esame attento offre differenze morfologiche sostanziali, già conosciuta come “Vipera del Rododendro” , per la tendenza ad appostarsi in cerca di prede sotto questa pianta.
Come affrontare il morso di una vipera?, Ultimamente sono in commercio degli innovativi prodotti tecnologici, come ad esempio l’ECO SAVE; questo apparecchio si utilizza quanto per i serpenti, tanto per punture di insetti o morsi di pesci velenosi.
Esso è uno stimolatore elettrico di piccole dimensioni, che può emettere attraverso due elettrodi, scariche ad alto voltaggio e a basso amperaggio, per la durata di un centesimo di secondo e con pause di un secondo; le scariche erogate, hanno la funzione di lenire il dolore, dolore, bruciore, gonfiore e avvelenamento della zona colpita, permettendo alla persona infortunata di raggiungere i soccorsi con una minore compromissione vitale.
Ad ogni modo, in caso non si disponga di dotazioni mediche di primo soccorso, vi sono alcune procedure da seguire in caso voi o un vostro compagno venga morso da una vipera:
- Calmare la persona, evitando di farle eseguire movimenti e ponendola supina
- Monitorare le funzioni vitali
- Chiamare il servizio di Emergenza Sanitaria 118
- Applicare BLS, se necessario
- non incidere, non succhiare il veleno, non applicare il Laccio Emostatico Arterioso (LEA), non somministrare siero antivipera
- Lavare con Soluzione fisiologicae disinfettare con acqua ossigenata
- Eseguire un Bendaggio linfostaticoed immobilizzare l’arto interessato con uno steccaggio. Nel caso il morso avvenga su tronco, collo o testa, applicare un tampone rigido sopra la zona interessata, tenendolo compresso con un cerotto elastico adesivo.
- Non mettere ghiaccio sulla zona morsa per il possibile peggioramento della necrosi
- Coprire la persona per ridurre la dispersione di calore corporeo
- Sorvegliare il possibile instaurarsi di uno stato di Shock
- Attendere l’arrivo dell’ambulanza
La corretta applicazione di questo protocollo, aumenterà sostanzialmente le percentuali, che la persona o l’animale colpiti, possano ristabilirsi senza conseguenze gravi.
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